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T1DM, one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood, can be diagnosed at any age peaks in onset occur between 5 years and 7 years of age and at or near puberty. The prevalence of the condition among all age groups has been increasing in recent decades. In the US, 29.1 million people (9.3%), 208,000 of them under the age of 20 years, have been diagnosed with diabetes (type 1 or type 2). It is the seventh leading cause of death in developed countries. According to the World Health Organization, in the 21st century, diabetes has become a major challenge for health care systems worldwide. We then review interventions and offer a few directions for future thought and research.Ĭare in context: diabetes incidence and prevalenceĭiabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from deficits in insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. We later explore areas the literature identifies as major issues and the factors associated with them. We first present background information regarding T1DM and the challenges it poses to individuals and their families. We included older seminal literature where we deemed it necessary. While this is not intended as an exhaustive literature review, it does provide a representative coverage of the literature, issues addressed and interventions proposed, based on systematic searches using the MEDLINE Google scholar and PsycINFO search engines using common keywords appearing in the literature, focusing mainly on manuscripts published after 2000. The purpose of this review then is to provide a current overview of the main trends and direction emerging from the literature regarding the challenges the patients’ families and social milieu face, as well as highlight interventions studied in this context. While the literature is replete with medical aspects of diagnosis and care of T1DM, less has been written about the patients’ family and social circles. The condition may therefore be considered “a family condition” challenging the patients’ entire social and familial circle in numerous ways. Moreover, beyond the challenges of daily care and monitoring, living with the constant threat of health deterioration and future complications, the young patients face emotional and psychological difficulties that reflect on their own coping as well as their social circle and family. The young patients, naturally, must rely on their parents and families for instruction, support, and daily help with coping with such a complex set of demands. The condition requires that patients adopt a restrictive lifestyle and diet, and monitor their blood sugar levels frequently. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a condition affecting younger patients, challenging them with life-threatening outcomes.